Alienation and Isolation in The Metamorphosis Essay

Enforcing Racial Discrimination Essay

The arrangement of photos recorded by the Farm Security Administration of the Office of War Information picture takers were taken somewhere in the range of 1937 and 1943, apparently during the years the unit was in activity. These picture takers were entrusted to report different appearances of progress and coherence in the common American life, and this brought about a striking assortment of pictures that especially centered around the act of racial isolation. Inquisitively, while the picture takers were not formally recognized to have been coordinated to record explicit scenes, the prints delivered displayed a slant toward signs that demonstrate racial separation and isolation (LOC 2004). Among the thirty-one photographs remembered for the arrangement, all delineate signs arranged in various areas, for example, transport and train stations, eateries, bistros, bars, cinemas, stores, and pool lobbies. These signs additionally by and large show the utilization of words, for example, â€Å"colored† and â€Å"white’, which plainly approve the presence of isolation between Caucasian Americans and people of ethnic beginnings, for example, blacks and Indians. Consistent with the period during which they were captured, nature and individuals by chance present in each image show up in real habits of engineering and design. II. Racial Segregation in America The issue on race and separation in America can be broadly followed hundreds of years back, with the historical backdrop of Africans being brought into the nation as slaves. In spite of the fact that this despicable condition had been revised by the additions of the Civil War, subsequently allowing opportunity to blacks. In any case, the event of the Great Depression during the 1920s brought back circumstances indistinguishable from those accomplished by African-Americans beforehand, as the nation was plagued by the turmoil created by the absence of employments and wellsprings of pay. In 1932, most blacks wound up without work, and there was expanding pressure from whites to have blacks terminated from any activity that they accepted ought to be allocated to jobless whites. Various types of racial viciousness again resulted, especially in the South, during the 1930s (LOC 2002). The legitimate establishment of racial isolation was the Jim Crow laws, which were forced during the 1860s mostly in railroad vehicles, and kept on being authorized during the time until the 1960s (McElrath 2008). The impacts of isolation on ordinary American life and society were evidently critical enough to make scenes remarkable enough to recount to their own accounts through photos, which were definitely what the Farm Security assortment accomplished. III. Past the Signs: Marking the Lines of Race The goal of the Farm Security photos had been to delineate customary American life, yet it is clear how the ordinariness of the pictures at the time doesn't loan itself in a similar nature today. There is a state of conversation in the intentional move to show gatherings of whites and ethnic individuals, however the fixating on the signs that limit opportunity, that delete the capacity of decision. The investigation of signs, known as semiotics, gives the association between the crowd, mediator, and the sign itself (Littlejohn 2008). The photographs, with their contemplated association of the real sign, setting, and people, as of now structure the three-section process; the blacks are the crowd and the picture taker is the translator, inside the space secured by the sign. This shows how the picture takers meant to pass on a reality, a framework that pre-owned semiotics as an approach to force segregation. This they had finished with not a tad of interest on their end, very like the way Coles (1997) appropriated narrative work with the connecting of lives with the subject. A similar rationale is used by Gripsrud (in Gillespie and Toynbee 2006), when he characterized a photographer’s fill in as indexicalâ€the recognizing of a particular part of a subjectâ€and along these lines loans to much subjectivity. IV. Giving Indications of Racial Conflict to an Audience While the crowd of the signs were the blacksâ€and whites, contingent upon the sign and situationâ€the photos’ crowd are individuals who might profit by information on an alternate period, similar to the doubtful goal of the Farm Security picture takers in archiving change and progression in American life. For the most part, the photographs were for research and assessment, regardless of whether the crowd would discover them shocking or give them their endorsement. It might be conceivable that a portion of the individuals who contain the crowd are individuals who have survived a similar time, making them simple affirmations of what they definitely know; yet the more significant crowd would be the ignorant, who might discover new understanding into American culture and its administration of racial issues in the late 1930s and mid 40s. V. Apportionment of Technique and Style in Communicating Racism The high contrast photography is as of now huge all alone, alluding to the subjects too; seeing words on the signs caught in the photos bargains a twofold blowâ€â€˜black’, or ‘colored’, and ‘white’ signs in highly contrasting photographs. The picture takers essentially caught the signs as they were, uniquely for those in settings without individuals processing around, however there were likewise photographs that gave degrees of humankind and feeling. One of the most striking is a photograph of a bar indicating whites having brew, a sign on the divider above them that says â€Å"Positively no lager offered to Indians†. In spite of the fact that Indians are known for their affinity for liquor, it is upsetting one clear sign can show how this ethnic gathering is singled out and separated againstâ€an blunder of speculation. The white individuals in the photograph seem genuine and very expert, which shows how the sign ought not be misjudged as a joke. Different photographs in the assortment, however giving indications and places instead of individuals as subjects, uncover the expanding society of urbanizationâ€shown by the railways, transports, and stores where the signs are found. Urbanization, being shared view for the two blacks and whites, requires signs; these demonstrate white authority over society and economy, and the expectation to keep ‘colored’ individuals from this force. Works Cited Essential Source: Library of Congress. â€Å"Photographs of Signs Enforcing Racial Discrimination: Documentation by Farm Security Administration-Office of War Information Photographers†. Prints and Photographs Reading Room. April 30, 2004. <http://www. loc. gov/rr/print/list/085_disc. html> Secondary Sources: Coles, Robert. â€Å"The Tradition: Fact and Fiction†. Accomplishing Documentary Work. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. Gripsrud, Jostein. â€Å"Semiotics: signs, codes and cultures†. In Gillespie, Marie and Jason Toynbee. Breaking down Media Texts. Berkshire: Open University Press, 2006. Library of Congress. â€Å"Great Depression and World War II, 1929-1945: Race Relations during the 1930s and 1940s†. 2002. <http://lcweb2. loc. gov/learn/highlights/course of events/depwwii/race/race. html> McElrath, Jessica. â€Å"Creation of Jim Crow South: Segregation in the South†. About. com. 2008. <http://afroamhistory. about. com/od/jimcrowlaw1/a/creationjimcrow. htm>

How to Perform a Successful Post-Merger Integration

How to Perform a Successful Post-Merger Integration There comes a time when a business gets an opportunity to acquire and merge with another business. Such instances arise as per to the different business strategies that a business may initiate. The merger process is always uniform regardless of the strategies, the niche in which a business operates and the needs of the business. As such, all businesses have almost similar experiences when acquiring and merging another business.Logically, the merger process comes into effect depending on a wide number of reasons or businesses needs of the two business entities involved.Therefore, when merging, it is of great importance that the acquiring business, apart from observing all the terms and conditions of the merger agreement, also ensure they effectively reinvent the business they will have acquired to blend in with their ambitions and market needs so as to guarantee sustainable profitability. © Shutterstock.com | HilchIn this article, we look at 1) post-merger market integration, 2)  post-merger business management  integration, 3) products and services integration, and 4) a conclusion.POST-MERGER MARKET INTEGRATIONEvery business has a way of ensuring that its presence is felt in the market it operates in. In this context, when a merger is initiated, it is important for an acquirer, on top of maintaining its presence in the market, to place and sustain the presence of the new business that it will acquire in the market. Therefore, when initiating post-merger integration, the acquiring ought to ensure that it employs the best strategies that will guarantee that the new business fits perfectly into the market as a new entity whose aims and aspirations stand to benefit the acquiring business. In order to attain this, the acquiring market ought to adjust the following:The BrandingBranding is usually an exercise intended to attract customers, alert competitors of the business ’ presence and generally stamp the influence of the business in the market. Pilar Domingo argues that branding is intended to make a business humane. It is through branding that a business is able to attract success and profitability if the right strategies are employed. As such, post-merger integration ought to be undertaken in a way that guarantees the newly acquired business adopts a brand that complements that of the acquiring business. In order to attain this, the acquiring business should choose any of the following strategies:If the acquiring business is already a successful entity and brand in the market, the acquired business ought to be assigned the same brand as that of the acquiring business. Even if the two businesses operate in different niches, it is important that the newly acquired business takes up the branding strategies employed by the acquiring business. This may include changing the name of the acquired business in such a way it takes up the name of the acqui ring business.If the acquired business is more successful than the acquiring business, it is important that the acquiring business considers adopting the branding strategies of the acquired business. This is because, in instances when mergers involve the acquisition of a business more successful than the one acquiring it, obviously it is a strategy aimed at improving the efforts of the acquiring business in its quest to attain success. Therefore, such instances may demand the acquiring business changes its branding strategies to compliment those of the acquired business.When the two businesses are at the same level, it is up to the acquiring market to craft strategies that will ensure that the branding of the new business meets the market demands. In such instances, the acquiring business has the chance to bring in new changes that will influence success at the way branding is done in the market of the new business.Branding efforts in post-merger integration should not be blinded by the quest to attain profitability. Post-merger market integration should ensure the branding strategies to be adopted enable the business to attain all its goals and ambitions wholesomely.The Marketing StrategiesThe marketing strategies ought to change in line with the needs of the acquiring business and according to the demands of the market as may be perceived by the acquiring business. It will be up to the marketing strategists of the acquiring business to determine what new marketing strategies ought to be initiated and which ones ought to be eliminated from those held by the acquired firm. Therefore, it is important that the market needs are fully analyzed as at the time when the merger process is over, and the acquiring business takes over the running of the newly acquired business. All in all, marketing strategies ought to be integrated in a way that they meet the needs of the market of the acquiring business.It is not always that the acquiring business initiates automatic c hanges to marketing strategies once the merger process is complete. It is important that all conditions are studied before the decision to bring in changes to the existing strategies. At times, changes end up disappointing and bring in a trend of losses and a decrease in value to the acquired business. Again, there are cases when such changes bring in a trend of profitability and increased of products and services in the market. Therefore, it is up to keen analysis before the decision of whether changes to the current marketing strategies are necessary or not. When a decision to bring in new changes is reached at, the marketing strategists ought to be tactical and ensure there is a buffer which will guarantee that the products and services will not be exposed to market shock.POST-MERGER BUSINESS MANAGEMENT INTEGRATIONPost-merger business management integration is another important task that ought to be effectively and efficiently undertaken once the merger process is complete. Reali stically, management is the most important aspect of business that will determine if a business remains successful or it fails. Management involves the utilization of resources. Given that a newly acquired business may not have its resources fully understood, it is important that the post-merger integration process fully analyzes all the different management issues involved in the running of a business. Therefore, for the merger to attain its much yearned for success, it is important that all the management departments are streamlined or reinvented to ensure high levels of efficiency in the way they coordinate and utilize allocated resources with the aim of attaining the business goals of the acquiring business. During this kind of integration, the following aspects of management ought to be looked at:Human Resource ManagementIn the quest to ensure effective post-merger business management integration, it is important that the human resource sphere of management is fully understood; how it operates and how it can be adjusted to meet the needs of the acquiring business. Human resource management usually involves how the human workforce is utilized to attain the goals and ambitions of a business in the market. Therefore, upon a merger, it is important that the acquiring business understands the human workforce of the acquired business.Charles Knight and Ryan Brian argue that the effects of a merger on employees should never be overlooked. In most cases, mergers negatively affect employees. Mergers bring about a sense of job insecurity even if the real cases of job loss are limited. Therefore, the acquiring business should make it a priority to ensure that the human resource management strategies during post-merger integration are effective and all the employees of the acquired firm do not lose the motivation that brings in positive results, improved productivity and profitability in a business.General Management CultureThe post-merger integration process must in volve a significant change in the management culture of the acquired business. There should be signs of change in management once the new team of managers from the acquiring business takes over. This change of the management team automatically brings in a shift in how the newly acquired business will be managed. As such, the management culture must change, and it will be best if the management culture change is positive and effective.There may come up a need to adopt a new business model for the acquired business once the merger process is over, and the acquiring business has taken over the management of the acquired business. Changes regarding the business model are often intended to ensure that the business in question is perfectly aligned for success in the market. However, such changes are often complex, and it is up to the tactical management experts to ensure the business model to be adopted fits into the perspective of the aims and aspirations of the acquiring market. Adoptin g a new business model may be expensive but if perfectly undertaken, the acquiring business will be guaranteed of success both internally and at the market level.The good thing with post-merger integration as regards to management culture is that there is availed an opportunity window which will guarantee that the acquiring business sets in and brings into the acquired business the necessary changes in management that will improve all the aspects of business of the acquired business. It is popularly conceived that business success is controlled by the effectiveness of the management culture that a business adopts. Therefore, the team of manager setting in to control the newly acquired business put in place measures that will guarantee that the business attains and maintains success and profitability.PRODUCTS AND SERVICES INTEGRATIONMajorly, mergers and acquisitions are sought with an aim of trying to control the products and services offered by the involved businesses. The acquiring business, depending on its ability, acquires another business aiming to control the products and services it deals with in the market. There is a popular belief that businesses that decide to merge deal with the same products. However, there are cases where mergers and acquisitions have involved businesses with entirely unrelated products and services and operating in entirely different niches of the market. However, with proper measures it is possible to contain these differences and maintain or devise new ways to attain business success. The post-merger integration process as such must ensure that products and services of the acquired firm are adjusted to meet the needs of the acquiring business. Below is a guide on how this will be attained.Product and Service DevelopmentUpon a merger, the acquiring business becomes responsible for all the operations of the acquired firm. In other terms, it becomes responsible for all the products and services that the acquired firm deals with i n the market. Therefore, it is up to the acquiring firm to ensure that all the products and services are developed to meet its projected needs. The development of products and services by the acquiring firm must include all the necessary steps that will associate it with the products and services once they are out in the market.To ensure that the acquiring business attains success, it should ensure that it incorporates innovative tactics on the products and services. Modern markets dictate continuous innovation and improvement on products and services if maximum success and profitability are to be attained. Therefore, post-merger integration efforts must be directed at ensuring that the acquired firm attains best levels of success with the products and services it deals with if the acquiring firm is to benefit from the merger. Therefore, it will be up to product and service strategists to work and encourage a trend of innovativeness in the products and services of the acquired firm. Product and Service PresentationModern markets tend to identify easily and associate specific products and services to specific businesses and brands. Shelly Kramer argues that it is important that the acquiring business in a merger agreement initiates effective strategies with which to use in their bid to maintain the presence of the acquired business in the market while also claiming ownership of the products. However, depending on a numbers of factors, instances may arise which may demand that the acquiring business drops any association of the previous business (before it was acquired) with the products and services once after the merger is complete.In presentation, the acquiring market ought to ensure that, after the merger is done, products and services do not loose their visibility in the market. There will arise opportunities that will see to it that the presentation of the products and services in the market is fully accepted if the acquiring business initiates creativity o n the way it presents the products and services of the acquired business in the market. In addition to this, the acquiring business should ensure proper packaging and advertisement of the products and services of the newly acquired firm. It is through this kind of strategies that the merging initiative will guarantee utmost success and attainment of goals.CONCLUSIONThe post-merger integration process remains the best way to ensure that the merging business attains success in the market. Without proper post-merger integration strategies, all other efforts may proof to be futile and of no essence. Therefore, it should be a priority of the acquiring firm that, once after spending huge amounts of funds and resources, the merged business attains its much yearned for success. There are some aspects about the merger itself that will dictate how post-merger integration will be conducted.Majorly, it is the type of merger that will guarantee whether the post-merger integration will be easy or complicated. However, regardless of all the difficulties that may be encountered when trying to initiate an effective transition in ownership and market operations, those in charge should ensure high regard to discipline and keenness so as to capture all important details regarding the acquired business and the market demands. All legal issues should also be observed, and it is important that the post-merger integration process adheres to all the agreed terms and conditions so as to avoid suits and other injunctions.

Essay on Managerial Ethics - 1603 Words

Managerial Ethics In today’s fast paced business world many managers face tough decisions when walking the thin line between what’s legal and what’s socially unacceptable. It is becoming more and more important for organisations to consider many more factors, especially ethically, other than maximising profits in order to be more competitive or even survive in today’s business arena. The first part of this essay will discuss managerial ethics[1] and the relevant concepts and theories that affect ethical decision making, such as the Utilitarian, Individualism, Moral rights approach theories, the social responsibility of organisations to stakeholders and their responses to social demands, with specific reference to a case study presenting†¦show more content†¦It is not illegal to sell solvents to young people, but is it ethical to do so when you as the manager/owner knew they where causing harm? Managers guide their ethical decision making using different approaches based on the norms and values. In this case, we can identify that the Mr Meek has been pursuing the Moral rights approach â€Å"which asserts that human beings have rights that cannot be taken away by anyone’s decision† (Samson and Daft, 2005, p.160). From a different aspect, the policeman Senior Sergeant Tony Bouchier, acting from the general legal environment perspective, has started a campaign concentrating community pressure to force Mr Meek to stop selling the solvents, is forcing the Individualism approach which is â€Å"asserting that acts are moral when they promote each individuals best long-term interests†, which are each of the children, the community, Mr Meek’s better garage reputation, â€Å"which ultimately leads to the greater good† (Samson and Daft, 2005, p.160). Different factors affect ethical decisions. Many believe that individual’s integrity is what individual use as the basis to make an ethical decision (Paine, 1994). It is more of a personal reflection based on beliefs, values and attitudes. There are three levels of personal moral development shown in the book Management by Samson and Daft. Mr Meek seems to fallShow MoreRelatedManagerial Ethics: Enron Case Study1392 Words   |  6 PagesNevertheless, we will use this example to discuss some of the issues in managerial ethics. Theoretical Frameworks There are a number of different theoretical frameworks that have been proposed to evaluate ethical decision-making in business. Most of these are loosely based on philosophical tradition, the thinking of Kant (deontological ethics) and Mill (utilitarianism) being the most important of the two. 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Ethics focuses on the â€Å"right† and the â€Å"wrong.† Altruism theory is defined as a person acting from the motivation of principle or duty rather than from the motivation of any personal advantage (Page 45) and Deontology is a moral theory that emphasizes one’s duty to do a particular action just because the action, itselfRead MoreReporting Practices and Ethics Paper967 Words   |  4 PagesReporting Practices and Ethics Andy Hall HCS/405 August 30, 2011 Darrell Watts Reporting Practices and Ethics Proper, precise, and ethically sound financial management and reporting is required of all healthcare organizations. According to Wisconsin Government (1994), â€Å"agencies are required to have an effective financial management system as a condition of receiving federal funds. Federal and state rules and regulations establish several criteria that the financial systems of agencies receivingRead More Cost Accounting: Its role and ethical considerations Essay1054 Words   |  5 Pagesinformed judgements. The major areas of within the accounting are: Financial Accounting, Managerial Accounting/Cost Accounting and Auditing- Public Accounting Managerial accounting is concerned with the use of economic and financial information to plan and control the activities of an entity and to support the management in planning and decision-making process. Cost accounting is the subset of managerial accounting and it helps management in determination and accumulation of product, processRead MoreSelf Assessment1447 Words   |  6 Pageslesions learned from self assessment. We will observe of the influence of the American College of Healthcare Executives (ACHE) as a guiding force in setting ethical standards in the healthcare industry. This will lead us to discuss how our individual ethics influence our decision making. Lastly, a formulated strategy on enhancing future decision-making will be explained. Self-assessments of an individual’s abilities have proved to play a fundamental role in career-based decision making. Self-assessments

Faith Based Programs Are Effective With Changing Offender...

Do you believe that faith-based programs are effective with changing offender behavior? Well, even though there seem to be a lot of empirical precedents that suggest a â€Å"positive association between religious involvement and beneficial outcomes, existing outcomes research in faith-based settings have treated the faith in faith-based services as a contextual factor rather than a programmatic one† (Ferguson, Wu, Spruijt-Metz, Dyrness, n.d.). According to Fisher and Ragan (2003 2004), there are multiple studies conclude that faith-based services are effective, yet relatively few aim to identify the specific faith components related to successful outcomes . It is crucial for us to operationally and conceptually delineate what the faith†¦show more content†¦The study was only promising as long as they remained incarcerated. But, I found that only a few really wanted to make a change in their life and kept up some form of faith-based program once released. Then you had a large majority of individuals that did not follow up with any form of faith-base d programs once released. These were the ones that knew they were not going to follow this type of program once they were back in their neighborhoods and around the same negative peers that help them choice the wrong path or criminal act as a way of life. Therefore, for this reason and this reason alone I do not think that faith-based programs with changing offender behavior. It is only effective as long as they are incarcerated. What needs to be address as stated above is that we have to be able to identify the specific faith components related to successful and non-successful outcomes to gauge if it can continue to work not only inside but when they are released. The other thing that we need to understand is why would they use a faith-based program when they know they have no intension of changing their offender behavior? To me I sense deception on the offenders’ part. Do you believe that the current separation of church and state doctrine will legally permit the establishment of private public partnerships involving faith-based programs? There seems to a misconception about what individual believe about â€Å"partnerships amongst government and the religious community which

Turning Work in on Time (Work Ethic) Free Essays

Completing and turning assignments in on time and when asked is vital to success throughout not only school, but in the work force as well. The implementation of any task at the desired time of a teacher or employer creates a work ethic that is required by any current or future choice of career or job. Employers value employees who understand and possess a willingness to work hard. We will write a custom essay sample on Turning Work in on Time (Work Ethic) or any similar topic only for you Order Now In addition to working hard it is also important to work smart. This means learning the most efficient way to complete tasks and finding ways to save time while completing daily assignments. Doing more than is expected on the job is a good way to show that you have and know how to utilize good time management skills and don’t waste valuable time attending to personal issues not related to what is expected. Excuses are not accepted by anyone who expects something done a certain way, and the only way to make sure no excuses are made, is to do what is expected the right way, when expected. Doing so will not only prevent any totally avoidable consequences, but build a work ethic valued by teachers, professors, and employers everywhere. Compliance and the understanding that excuses are hardly ever tolerated will take someone much farther in life than always being late, lazy, and defiant. Dependency is directly related to the consistency of timing. Employers/teachers value employees/students who come to work/class on time, are there when they are supposed to be, and are responsible for their actions and behavior. Being dependable and responsible shows yours peers that you value your job or what is being taught, and that you are responsible for keeping up with yourself and the things that are expected of you. Reliability will build the foundation for trust from your peers, and confidence in yourself to work harder and be a successful employee or student that can be counted upon to complete a task efficiently. How to cite Turning Work in on Time (Work Ethic), Essays

The Woman in Black free essay sample

A London Particular The Second chapter of Susan Hills chilling novel, The Woman In Black, is host to some of the conventional gothic aspects found in such ghost stories. The focus of this essay is the first eight paragraphs of the second chapter. Story telling lies at the heart of this novel and there is definite mix within the story of new and old ghost stories which would allow Susan Hill to select what she would have thought to be essential components of a successful ghost narrative. A London Particular’ imparts a strong sense of place, mood, season and of the elements to the point that our main character, Arthur Kipps, is very effected by the various scenarios; whether it be sunny in the open or dark and cloudy. These senses mean the traditional ‘haunting’ fundamentals; an isolated house, narrow empty streets at night (lonely churchyards and convents later on), are heavily relied upon. We will write a custom essay sample on The Woman in Black or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Past the lonely house of chapter one, ‘A London Particular’ begins on a normal Monday afternoon in November. Arthur Kipps is making a routine journey to work through London; something he has done every day for a very long time. However, within the first sentence, a crucial ghost story element forms. The fog. The fog is powerfully atmospheric, beautiful and sinister all at the same time as it rolls across the usually busy streets of London. The other intimidating fact is that London is usually a civilized, safe place. With the appearance of the fog, it makes London a much more insecure place. These are the earliest sign of a ghostly nature in the book as the fog mystifies and ‘empties’ the busy avenues by obscuring everyone’s sight, hence creating a mood of uneasiness and mystery as one never knows who’s out there and where. I believe that the beginning of the second paragraph in chapter two is one of the most effective passages at creating a spooky and ghostly setting on the roads of London. It reads like a typical gothic scene maker, creating a very unwelcoming and deserted place of an area which in the broad daylight would typically be bustling with commuters. The winter season tops this off with the coldness and bleakness of the surrounding; the trees are bare and lanky and the chilliness has reduced crowds further. Susan Hill personifies the fog itself, manifesting it into a creature of its own, consuming those who venture into it. She refers to the fog being evil, able to choke and blind. This almost suggests that the fog is a murderer, promoting the mounting terror of the book. Arthur Kipps begins to feel a little uncomfortable with the developing darkness shadowing what little was left visible by the fog. We know by this point in the book that Arthur Kipps’ mood is influenced heavily on the weather and hence the growing darkness compounded with the bleakness of winter disturbs his well-being. He describes it as â€Å"the fog confuses people, as they would be blindfolded and spun around†. The next valuable point was the fact that he has a sense of foreboding about the journey he is embarking upon; some sort of sixth sense. This is where the first clairvoyant behavior is experienced or mentioned. As mentioned before, Arthur Kipps is severely affected mood-wise by the weather and hence he feels a little depressed at this stage and seems to be focusing around negatives. However, even though the weather has depressed, Arthur seems fairly perpetual, keeping his calm. Curiosity seems to strike him more than anything and the want to understand what the fog desires to obscure is present in him, thus adding a detective fiction feel to the passage as well. Maybe, the fog was a sign of what was yet to come? Darkness, mystery and the feeling of being lost. The eighth paragraph boasts a description of the street lights which can only be read like a hell-like scene; with inferno like circles, flares from basements, the flickering light of the lamplighter, red-hot pools of light from chestnut sellers. Each of these descriptions makes it eventual reference to the famous cliche of a demon boiling people in a large cauldron of tar. This imagery further agrees with the gothic convention within the book. Also in this section is a clear reference to some of the key senses; the sulphuric taste of the London fog, the burning smell of roasting chestnuts and the sight of ghost-like figures swaying in and out of the fog. The last paragraph shows chaos and disorder within a civilized community which clearly links to the feeling of uneasiness, confusion, fret and horror. All common elements of a gothic novel. Also in this paragraph is the very first reference to a ghost. Arthur Kipps describes the figures weaving in and out of the fog as ‘ghost-like’ because of their mouth and lower faces muffled in scarves, veils and handkerchiefs. This ghost reference again sets a tone of foreboding for what is yet to come into Arthur’s life. It also foreshadows Mr. Daily’s apparent description of Arthur Kipps ‘whistling in the dark’, completely oblivious of the real dangers that surround him. In many typical ghost/gothic stories, light is generally there to resemble peace and calmness; almost angelic. Similes are also present in this paragraph, for example; ‘†¦were like ghost figures’, adding to the descriptive tone of the passage. However in the end of the paragraph, Arthur Kipps describes the people walking in and out of it becoming ‘red-eyed and demonic’, destroying this sign of calm and replacing it with the evil tone we have become all too familiar with. ‘A London Particular’ sets a typical gothic, ghost-like scene with the fog, darkness and demonic features within nearly every aspect of the area. The sense of foreboding is definitely there and with the benefit of hindsight, we can clearly say that the London Particular was a warning sign for Arthur Kipps not to embark on the job at hand. However, he does.